The Rise Of Christianity During The Roman Empire - 2111 Words

The rise of Christianity in the Roman Empire, was by far not a simple one. The Roman Empire was generally quite tolerant in the treatment of other religions. So why did they persecute the Christians, and how did this all begin? These persecutions mainly started in 64 A.D when a great fire broke out under the rule of Emperor Nero. In order to deflect the public s opinion on him, he blamed the Christians and this blame then allowed, and paved way for the aggressive persecutions of Christians in the Roman Empire for the next two centuries. After Nero, the first imperial persecutor, then comes in the age of Trajan (98-117 A.D.). After receiving a letter from Pliny the Younger, the governor of Bithynia in the north of Asia Minor, to the Emperor Trajan, tells us about the view and executions of Christians in his province. This primary source holds to be very valuable when researching the relationship the Pagan Romans had with the Christians. All throughout the history of the Roman Empire, Christians have been persecuted and treated terribly due to the view of them as mysterious or â€Å"unknown†. The view of the Christians was mainly due to the ethnocentrism that went on in Rome during this time. Persecution was inevitable for these Christians and went on for centuries. The accusations they received were that they were atheists, cannibals, practiced incest, and all together these accusations showed how misunderstood the Christians really were. As a result of Trajan’s laws on theShow MoreRelatedThe Rise And Fall Of Empires1580 Words   |  7 Pagesthesis that the rise and fall of empires was due to tolerance, inclusion, difference, and diversity is shown to be true of the Roman Empire because of the way that tolerance allowed and caused the empire to rise, enter its golden age, and fall. The Roman Empire was a â€Å"hyperpower† that lasted from 44 BCE to 476 CE. The empire contained Western, Southern, and Eastern Europe, along with North Africa; thus, there was an abundance of culture from many different conquered groups. Romans wanted to make theseRead MoreReligion : A Way Of Life946 Words   |  4 Pageswas not the case during the fall of Rome and the rise of the Byzantine Empire. During that era religion was one of the few things that tied people together. Without religion the only thing keeping the people of Rome together was the government. Since Alexander the Great’s empire leading to the Byzantine Empire led to a mix of many culture and religions for the very first time. Greece and Rome believed in a set of Gods but the lands they conquered did not. The Eastern Roman Empire showed how oneRead MoreThe Rise of Christianity vs. the Rise of Islam740 Words   |  3 PagesThe Rise of Christianity vs. the Rise of Islam The rise of Christianity and Islam happened during a turbulent time in history, when major civilizations like the Roman Empire and the Persian Empire were in decline due to political infighting, disease, and outside barbarians constantly applying pressure. Christianity was adopted in the heart of the Roman Empire, as a way to continue the influence of Rome, while not being able to control all of Europe militarily. (Rise of Christianity, 2012) ThereforeRead MoreThe Rise Of The Middle Ages Essay1259 Words   |  6 PagesAugustulus all the way to the rise of the Carolingian empire. I would argue the characteristics of the middle ages include a real shift in culture and religion, while seeing the dominant influence that Christianity had on culture. Personally, I think that the reign of the emperor Constantine is what really began the shift into the middle ages. Under Constantine, we see a transformation of religion, culture and politics. In the centuries leading up to Constantine, the Roman Empire was having many ups andRead MoreModel Essay Comparison Essay Post-Classical Civilizations1304 Words   |  6 Pagesof the classical civilizations, post-classical civilizations arose shortly thereafter. Compare the factors that led to the rise post-classical civilizations from 500 CE to 1200CE between two of the following regions- Europe, East Asia, Africa or the Middle East. Model Essay Comparison Essay Post-Classical Civilizations With the collapse of the Roman, Gupta and Han empires, the world was left in a period of chaos with little structure in most areas. However after these collapses and the interludeRead MoreThe Rise And The Spread Of Christianity Essay1154 Words   |  5 PagesThe rise and the spread of Christianity   The Christianity thought to have been rise at the time when Jesus began to predicate his lessons to his followers in Judea and Galilee round the year 30 A.D. Then, it was spreaded through the Hellenistic world including all Greek speaking cities administrated from the Roman Empire.   The   key figure of Christianity is Jesus, about him we learned only in the Paul`s letters, one of his followers lived during the 50`s – 60`s A.D.   Jesus born round 4 B.C.E in NazarethRead MoreAids To The Growth of Christianity in The Roman Empire Essay1537 Words   |  7 PagesGrowth of Christianity in the Roman Empire In the Roman Civilization where the prevalent worship of Roman gods were impersonal and did not provide a moral base or a message of hope, in the fourth century Christianity was formed, born as a movement within Judaism. Christianity emphasized the personal relationship between God and people, slowly spread through the Roman Empire until ultimately dominating the western culture. Three of the several factors that aided to the growth of Christianity in theRead MoreThe Spread Of Christianity And Western Europe1637 Words   |  7 PagesThe spread of Christianity in Western Europe was both similar and different to the spread of Islam. The rise of Islam starts with the Prophet Muhammad, believed by Muslims (followers of Islam) to be the last in a line of prophets that includes Moses and Jesus. Because Muhammad was the chosen one to be the messenger of the word of God, Muslims from all around the world work to follow the example he set. For Muslims after the Qur an (their bible), the say ings and teachings of Muhammad and the descriptionsRead MoreRise Of Christianity : Christianity1456 Words   |  6 PagesRise of Christianity Essay Christianity is one of the largest religions in the world. With 2.2 billion adherents, it ranks above Islam, Atheists, and Hinduism. So why is this religion so well known? How did it get where it is today? Where did it start? It started with Jesus of Nazareth who was born in Bethlehem, the Messiah to the Jewish people, and crucified by the Romans. His life, works, death, and resurrection is what started Christianity. But that wasn’t the end of it. Christians would faceRead MoreThe Edict Of Milan. Kincade Hughes1264 Words   |  6 PagesEastern part of the Roman Empire met and made a decision that would change the faith of western Religion. In Milan, a city in northern Italy, they agreed on a statement that was later published as a letter and became known as the Edict of Milan. This letter was the turning point for Christianity and a key event for its rise to becoming the leading western Religion. This essay analyzes the events that led to the Edict of Milan and the impact it had on Christians in the Roman Empire, namely the legal

Organ Selling And An Elderly Man Sits Patiently - 1531 Words

Organ Selling Peering into the window of Da Vita dialysis, an elderly man sits patiently. His patience is not from the fact that he has no place to go afterwards; his schedule was clear. His patience came from the fact that he can bare the wait in the room, because he knows down the hall the nurse will be re-puncturing his forearm to administer the hemodialysis. It was his third time coming in this week, which meant he wouldn t be back until next week. Of course, when he looks at the bruising on his arm, it s not next week but yet just couple of days of freedom. His name is called, and he gets up. It will be 4 hours of hemodialysis before he is released. The release is of course temporary as he must return for dialysis in due time. Only one thing can truly free him. In a nearby hospital, a woman sits in her bed waiting on the results of the many scans and tests the doctors had just ran on her. She was just admitted into the hospital not too long ago, having being found unconscious. Her sister sits next to her holding her hand, waiting as well. The doctors enter the room and give the news that both her kidneys have failed and she needs a transplant urgently as pancreas has deteriorate as well. Humans need solely one kidney to survive, thus her sister asks to donate part of hers to the cause. After running test on the sisters, they learn that there s no match. The woman is put on the list. The lives of both the woman and the elderly man rests at the will of a waitingShow MoreRelatedMarketing Mistakes and Successes175322 Words   |  702 Pagesdry and rather remote concepts into practical reality, and lead to lively class discussions, and even debates. In the gentle environment of the classroom, students can hone their analytical skills and also their persuasive skills—not selling products but selling their ideas—and defend them against critical scrutiny. This is great practice for the arena of business to come. NEW TO THIS EDITION In contrast to the early editions, which examined only notable mistakes, and based on your favorableRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 Pagesset of prescriptions for how to be successful in business, or in life. Many of these books have made it to the best-seller lists and have enjoyed lengthy stays. Our intention in this book is not to try to duplicate the popular appeal of the best-selling books nor to utilize the common formula of recounting anecdotal incidents of successful organizations and well-known managers. We have produced a book that remains true to, and is based on, social science and business research. We want to share with

Teacher Training Of Assistive Instructional Technology

Teacher training in assistive instructional technology (AIT) has been a topic of discussion that has heightened with the drive for differentiated instruction. Although, research has been extensively conducted on pre-service training, not much research has indicated the success of teacher training in assistive instructional technology for in-service experienced teachers (Edyburn, 2014). In an attempt to advance the science in the field of leadership and educational administration in relationship to teacher training and professional development for teachers of students with learning disabilities in the all-inclusive classroom, the research topic the perceptions of experienced regular education English teachers, concerning teacher training in assistive instructional technology in the all-inclusive classroom was developed. This paper will address, the leader of the school’s responsibility to provide teacher training in assistive instructional technology, the inclusion of instructi onal program and curriculum, that reflect the universal design for learning (UDL) and discussions on the benefit of these programs for teacher efficacy, special education student academic growth, and ethical and moral considerations. Literature Review and Application Data retrieved from the Maryland State Department of Education (2012) indicates that the students with individual education plans continue to perform significantly lower than the regular education students in the all inclusiveShow MoreRelatedResearch Based Teaching Strategies Educators Essay1570 Words   |  7 Pagesinclude vision training, support strategies, functional vision training, and orientation and mobility training (Westling Fox, 2009). 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Students are relyingRead MoreTeaching Mathematical Problem Solving Math, Technology Education, And Special Education989 Words   |  4 PagesMathematical Problem Solving to Middle School Students in Math, Technology Education, and Special Education Classrooms.RMLE Online: Research in Middle Level Education, 27(1), 1-17. There were two instructional approaches, Enhanced Anchored Instruction (EAI) and text-based instruction (TBI), compared in this study. Both teaching methods were used to teach sixth-grade middle school students how to solve math problems in technology, special education classes and math classrooms.The purpose of thisRead MoreQuantitative and Qualitative Research Questions and Hypothesis1050 Words   |  5 Pagesconfidence both in their own instructional skills and in the quality of support personnel currently provides. General and special education teachers are placed in inclusive classroom settings for the betterment of the student; however, planning is not as effective when general education teachers are not properly trained on or comfortable with the technology. Thousand and Villa (2000) in McLaren, Bausch, amp; Ault (2007), found that providing training for all teachers will result in improved academicRead MoreTechnology Is Rapidly Growing And Changing Our World1218 Words   |  5 PagesTechnology is rapidly growing and changing in our world. Students receiving special education services face challenges both in and outside of the classroom. By using proper technology students’ classroom experience may be improved and they may be more motivated and engaged in learning. Students with disabilities may have difficulty with reading, writing, word recognition, motor skills, and attention. Different types of technology can be utilized to help improve students ability to learn. ThereRead MorePlanning And Implementing Curriculum Accommodation842 Words   |  4 Pagesskills and integrate concepts across social studies topics. These resources might explain topics, themes, and abstract ideas that are too hard to understand in the textbooks (Steele, 2007). To make students with learning problems more successful, the teacher can provide lesson about a particular book, discuss part of the textbook like glossary sections, appendixes, chapters heading, maps questions, illustrations and boldface information, and also may use study guides to explain hard text material beforeRead MoreEssay on History of Special Education in Public Schools2926 Words   |  12 Pagesprovide more assistance and attention. To aid in doing this, many assistive technologies have been developed. An assistive technology, according to The Assistive Technology Act of 1998 is â€Å"any item, piece of equipment, or product system, whether acquired commercially, modified, or customized, that is used to increase, maintain, or improve functional capabilities of individuals with disabilities.† The stepping stone to the Assistive Technolog y Act was the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA)Read MoreAlternative Education Programs1010 Words   |  5 Pagesbeing in the regular school setting. There are many methods a school can begin to use to turn an alternative education program around. Some of these ways include the use of activity schedules, community involvement and summer employment, assistive technology, and the instruction of daily living skills. 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This coursework laid the foundation for future acade mic coursework in education. While the coursework was mainly focused on education theory and reform, I completed a course in instructional pedagogy which included practicum hours at an alternative charter high school in collaboration with Santa Cruz City School and Cabrillo Community College. My overall GPA at UC Santa Cruz was a 3.5 and my GPA in my major coursework was†¦(LOOK THIS

Sample Essay on the Effectiveness of e-campaigning

Question: How effective is e-campaigning in elections? There are numerous writings related to use of e-campaigning in the political area, utilization of ICT (information and communication technology) mainly to influence or mobilize the interests of individuals. Earlier research elated to internet in political campaign was noticeable by the idealism and disillusionment troughs. Various research related to the enhancements of the politics brought the election centers and the political campaign to revolve around three main areas; Firstly, the citizens can have access to better information about the democracy process through the use of Internet, which provides various data and resources at anytime from any part of the world. Second, the parties and the candidate have the ability to develop good relationship in a low-cost manner and also efficiently and effectively organize them to participate in the campaign. Third, through the use of internet the potential people can conduct debate on various political issues that can become the agenda of t he campaign. This essay will demonstrate the role of internet in the e-campaigning in elections. E-campaigns results into changes in the quality of elections. As opposed to getting constrained furthermore general data on political choices, subjects can be given itemized information, preparatory reports, master exhortation, and can analyze issues in more prominent profundity. In the same route, as opposed to getting edited compositions of legislators' announcements or political stages, subjects can get the full content and, hence, have superior information of what government officials truly propose. Besides, nationals can be dynamic, rather than aloof beneficiaries of news from a predetermined number of sources. Subjects can earnestly inquiry out the data they need, look at sources, and search for option sees. Then again, amount might likewise bring about issues discovering data, due both to scale and the gate keeping capacity of web search tools, and in deciding the veracity of data they discover. E-campaigns are related to the use of Internet. The Internet encourages contact between people who offer normal investments and helps co-ordinate joint activities. The Internet can possibly challenge conventional political associations in encouraging the structuring of new political and social drives until now frustrated by the absence of a organized mechanical assembly or low assets. Utilization of e-campaign likewise empowers the combining of aggregate characters, at a nearby group level or on a worldwide scale, with the Internet giving the spaces to solidifying and forming social relations around an imparted undertaking The capacity of ICTs to join individuals who offer normal hobbies to get in contact notwithstanding separation or social boundaries can prompt an entire new measurement for governmental issues. Individuals can escape geology through worldwide discussions focused around particular tight diversions. E-campaigns make the communication process easier. Through the use of internet, Email upgrades can be sent routinely to parts, and examination gatherings can be secured to talk about choices. As these political groupings manufacture their association and achieve they are then ready to impact leaders or popular notion case in point, by arranging email campaigns guided at government authorities or legislators. Such devices, the capability of which have been showed in investigations of weight gatherings (Rodgers, 2003), have parallel application inside race crusades. Through ICTs, people can partake more heartily, often and rapidly in the choice making procedure of political gatherings and associations. People can openly or secretly convey their sentiments on parties' stages and express conflicts with parties' methods or just remark on the campaign. Through the process of e-campaign, public get the opportunity to discuss on various political issues. This can be argued that as nationals get to be better educated, and assembled to look for further data, structure groups and captivate with political choices, this can likewise sustain more proactive metro conduct. Those engaged would be characterized as the 'associated individuals', The Internet gives numerous spaces that encourage the trade of data, critique and thoughts between people from distinctive foundations who would presumably never overall take part in joint talks. This empowers the Web to augment and/or revitalize people in general circle, to such an extent that some see it as a novel marketplace. Political parties' utilization of web based interchanges developed gradually throughout the most recent two decades. While gatherings created their first sites in the mid 1990s, the new thousand years saw internet campaigning progressively climb to noticeable quality as a dynamic territory of study and media consideration. Interestingly, this at first developed in Australia at the level of state government: checked by challenged utilization of a political crusade site by the Liberal Party's Jeff Kennett in the 1999 race (Chen, 2013). This site a piece of a customized crusade set the tone for online races in Australia for quite a while: especially in the utilization of particular, time-restricted locales for the race campaign, and a concentrate on the figure of the pioneer. Destinations generally stayed static, data based vaults (Chen, Gibson Geiselhart, 2006: 35), serving as electronic handouts went for wide groups of on look. As various essayists have considered the 2007 crusade (Flew, 2008), the 2009 e-battle is viewed as quickly in this article to give a setting to the examination on political blogging amid that race. The center here is on the two real gatherings the ALP and the Liberal National Party (LNP)and their then pioneers, Anna Bligh and Lawrence Springborg (e.g., Rodrigues, 2009: 10). Both real gatherings utilized multilayered crusading as a part of the 2009 decision. A multilayered battle involves utilizing conventional method for crusading, for example, gathering and welcome constituents, letterbox flyers, and TV publicizing alongside Internet apparatuses, for example, sites, Facebook pages, Youtube, and Twitter to target different gatherings of subjects. Both real gatherings had sites and their pioneers had Facebook pages and Twitters (AAP, 2009; Rodrigues, 2009; Singer, 2009). Various different government officials from both significant gatherings had sites, Facebook pages and online journals. Interestingly, the LNP used pretty nearly $7 million on TV promoting though the ALP used short of what $3million on TV publicizing (Electoral Commission Queensland, 2009; Roberts, 2009). The essentialness the ALP appended to the Internet is clear in Bligh calling the race on Youtube preceding her visit to the Governor to look for a disintegration of parliament. Quite compelling is the route in which Bligh utilized Twitter within conjunction with her up close and personal battling. Various her Tweets identified with the places that she went to, malls specifically, the ALP neighborhood competitors that she fought with (e.g., Rodrigues, 2009: 10), and the constituents whom she met. Hence it could be recommended that Twitter was fundamental piece of the ALP's crusade (Rodriques, 2009), maybe even an expansion of its vis--vis campaign. Anyhow, as Orr (2009) has reminded us, necessary voting was additionally basic. Multilayered campaigning and necessary voting, in this way, were critical in the Queensland ALP's triumph in the 2009 race. There was a further measurement to the 2009 race crusade that had not been seen in any noteworthy degree in past Queensland races; that is, political dissection in websites that picked up a huge profile. It is to one key gathering blog that was made particularly for the 2009 battle that we now turn, Crikey's Pinea pple Party Time (Crikey.com.au, 2014). E-campaigning is becoming very important both the local and general elections. This is one of the most continuous processes which the political parties are adopting to keep the political candidates updated with the political related news. E-campaigns are most significant tool because information can be widespread at low cost with less effort with effective resources. Through e-campaigning the online activities of the candidates are increasing, their web presence is also developing due to the use of social networking sites (Davies and Newman, 2006). E-campaigning can also be increased using social media. This tool provides various ways to present the voters as a real people as it is able to reduce time and distance. Digital media is increasingly becoming pervasive in nature and since it is giving a real-time version it is providing an authenticity. The digital media permits various elites like increasing the interaction, relevant information to the public (Lilleker and Jackson, 2011). The evidence of using social media for e-campaign can be given by discussing Obama presidential campaign. This successful use of social media, text messaging, adverting using search engines, tweets and blog had a critical edge on the data of the voters. This presidential campaign used the micro-target messages were sent to specific user group during that campaign. The Obama campaign utilized the friend power strategy to reach out the maximum audiences so that they can engage the citizens who are not interested in politics and also can be convinced through their friends. Taking into account the online networking sourced data in the crusade database volunteers were given arrangements of a little number of companions or neighbors distinguished as potential Obama voters so that the volunteers could contact them. Purportedly, one in five "companions" reached was convinced to enlist, give, volunteer or vote in favor of Obama (europarl.europa.eu/, 2014). The political crusading reaction to the social employments of innovations is the adaption of the devices of the postmodern battle to fuse advanced correspondence advances. Howard (2006) characterizes this as the hypermedia battle, where correspondence is transferred over an extensive variety of outlets at the same time, and along these lines taking care of the requests of the postmodern media, the day in and day out news, and the worldwide onlinegroup of onlookers (Davis, 2010). Any single thing of substance will be customized for various structures of utilization and dispersed in ways that can be gathered by columnists, supporters or web programs apparently equivalent at numerous correspondence intersections. While there will be an enlightening segment inside correspondence, a scope of intelligent activities are encouraged. Things are made to permit simplicity of imparting to encourage messages becoming a web sensation over the Internet (Boynton, 2009) and can be remarked on what's more adjusted inside the campaigns' environment. The development in adjustment to the hypermedia campaign can be followed through considering the campaigns of Barack Obama, Howard Dean and Segolene Royal and (Lilleker and Vedel, 2013). The historiography of 2004-2008, and the impact of these campaigns following, is educational for seeing how a hypermedia battle looks when executed. The lessons from the Dean crusade, be that as it may, brought another center to consolidating the Internet into political crusades, and specifically considering the profits of the most recent stages. The 2007 French Presidential crusade saw noteworthy advancement in the utilization of ICTs. The possible champ, Nicolas Sarkozy, concentrated on innovative refinement by building his own particular online video site (NSTV) and for some time made the second life Isle de France environment where his presidential style could be tried out. In any case, it was the runner-up in the second round of voting that would best saddle the social networking environment and adjusts to the standards of a hypermedia campaign (Lilleker and Vedel, 2013). Amid the race to win the left vote in cycle one; Segolene Royal first permitted her supporters to help a co-delivered online pronouncement. The Cahiers d'esperance, turned into an image of a more open style both of campaigning and implying a more collectivist presidential guideline. This included contacting those as of now politically dynamic online and bridling them to her battle. The Segosphere was a firmly hyperlinked gathering of weblog creators who pushed her presidential offer and helped a more extensive political open circle that focused on Royal's political stage. The Segosphere, which was made to target more youthful voters, connected together around 14,000 weblogs. This reflected the lowest part up correspondence style of Royal (Vedel and Koc-Michalska 2009), her site urged guests to help examination gatherings and add to her stage. It has been asserted that without Segolene Royal the Obama battle would have been far less creative; Obama's battle was the first to use all pa rts of the online the earth, joining the current political open circle and making his environment. Accordingly, in the same way as Dean and Royal, Obama entered all the spaces where his potential voters may happen crosswise over political data and gave a space where they could captivate with his battle. Clarifications for the utilization of the Internet as a battle apparatus, and especially the coordination of intelligent Web 2.0 time peculiarities and stages into a hypermedia campaign crusade typically concentrate on three components: assets, motivations and introduction(Solanet and Cardinal, 2008) The impetuses measurement identifies with the degree to which the Internet can possibly achieve critical quantities of genuine and potential supporters, an element at times addressed crosswise over generally popular governments. The civil argument proceeds with, nonetheless, in respect to whether physical assets, for example, funds or staff, or the introduction or belief system of the gathering or competitor offer the most illustrative force for having an imaginative online vicinity. Norris and Curtice (2008) argue demand and supply are the key reasons for the impact of internet had been limited so far in changing political as usual. On the demand side, the number of people who use the internet as the source of political information is limited to the most active citizens who are already engaged. Consequently candidate and party adaptation to using the web is one parameter which should be considered within the wider context of voter engagement and politicization. In addition, the issue of voter engagement and participation in the political process relates to the opportunities that parties and candidates usage of the internet are important but the longevity and success of e-campaigning as a rapidly increasing aspect of traditional campaigning depends on its effectiveness on both the supply and demand and thus electoral impact. On the supply side, candidate and party using internet, mainly operation and maintenance which is available in the traditional media, while the interactive potential of the medium is neglected (Europejskie, 2012). In conclusion, as ICT became available political parties and candidates started to use them either as a response to external factors that has led to a domino effect or as effective tools to reach voters, sell policies a mobilize supporters. Most importantly, the internet provided a unique medium for parties to reach voters directly and bypass the traditional mediated modes of communication at a very low cost. Therefore, candidates and political parties as rational actors aiming at maximizing their electoral payoffs responded to challenge and started to use internet and ICT technologies that permitted for the most effective support, voter mobilization and message dissemination. E-Campaigning is becoming significant for both the local and general elections. However, this is an on-going process of adaptation in which political candidates as well as voters play and equally important role. From the evidences above, it can be said that e-campaigning helps the elections to be quick and effe ctive and further help the political parties to reach to their maximum audiences at short time. This is not only the significant tool to use in elections but also a cost-effective tool which can be utilized with less effort to keep the target audiences informed and make the election successful. REFERENCES AAP, (2009). Qld election campaign turns nasty online. [online] The Sydney Morning Herald. Boynton, G. (2009). Going Viral The Dynamics of Attention. Chen, P. (2013). Chapter 2: Obama-o-rama?; Australian politics in a digital age. ANU E Press, pp.17-27. Crikey.com.au, (2014). Pineapple Party Time QLD election wrap . Davies, P. and Newman, B. (2006). Winning elections with political marketing. New York: Haworth Press. Davis, A. (2010). Political communication and social theory. London: Routledge. Electoral Commission Queensland, (2009). Electoral Commission Queensland. europarl.europa.eu/, (2014). Social media in election campaigning. Europejskie, W. (2012). Europeisation Of Political Rights -Voter Advice Application And Migrant Mobilisation In 2011 UK elections. Agata Dziewulska, p.16. Flew, T. 2008, Not Yet the Internet Election: Online Media, Political Commentary and the 2007 Australian Federal Election, Media International Australia, 126, February Howard, P. (2006). New media campaigns and the managed citizen. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Lilleker, D. and Vedel, T. (2013). The Internet in Campaigns and Elections. The Oxford Handbook of Internet Studies, p.401. Lilleker, D. and Jackson, N. (2011). Political campaigning, elections and the internet. London: Routledge. Norris, P. and Curtice, J. (2008). Getting the message out: a two-step model of the role of the internet in campaign communication flows during the 2005 British general election. Journal of Information Technology Politics, 4(4), pp.3--13. Orr, G. (2010). Should Anna Bligh be grateful for compulsory voting?. Roberts, G. (2009). Billionaire Clive Palmer stokes LNP's $7m spend. Rodrigues, M. (2009). Queensland election 2009. [online] aph.gov.au. Solanet P. A. and Cardenal A. S. (2008). Partidos y Politica en Internet: Un analysis de los websites de los partidos polticos Catalenes , Revista de los Estudios de Derecho y Ciencia Politica de la UOC, IDP, 6, 46-64 Singer, M. (2010). The ugly face of modern politics - Queensland - BrisbaneTimes. Vedel, T. and Michalska, K. (2009). The internet and French political communication in the aftermath of the 2007 presidential election.